The valve separating the chambers on the left side of the heart valve is called the bicuspid or mitral valve. This deoxygenated blood then passes to the right ventricle through the atrioventricular valve or the tricuspid valve, a flap of connective tissue that opens in only one direction to prevent the backflow of blood. In addition, the right atrium receives blood from the coronary sinus which drains deoxygenated blood from the heart itself. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, which drains blood from the jugular vein that comes from the brain and from the veins that come from the arms, as well as from the inferior vena cava which drains blood from the veins that come from the lower organs and the legs. The atria are the chambers that receive blood, and the ventricles are the chambers that pump blood.
There is one atrium and one ventricle on the right side and one atrium and one ventricle on the left side. In humans, the heart is about the size of a clenched fist, and it is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. One-way valves separate the four chambers. The heart is primarily made of a thick muscle layer, called the myocardium, surrounded by membranes. Since the right side of the heart sends blood to the pulmonary circuit, it is smaller than the left side which must send blood out to the whole body in the systemic circuit, as shown in Figure 1. The heart muscle is asymmetrical due to the distance blood must travel in the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
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